when was pluto discovered as a dwarf planet

As a result, because Pluto came to perihelion in 1989, most Pluto perihelion date estimates are based on the PlutoCharon, Because of the eccentricity of Pluto's orbit, some have theorized that it was once a. Vietnamese instead uses Yama, which is also a Buddhist deity, in the form of Sao Dim Vng "Yama's Star", derived from Chinese Yn Wng / Yhm Whng "King Yama". That is why it is only on the 18th of February on the year 1930 that planet Pluto was discovered. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Researchers have expanded the Pluto photo album to include a portion of the dwarf planet's landscape they're calling the dark side.. With the new figures added in, the discrepancies, and with them the need for a Planet X, vanished. It was also thought to be the most recently discovered . On February 18, 2006, Shani Davis becomes the first Black athlete to win an individual gold medal in Winter Olympics history, capturing the men's 1,000-meter speedskating race. [63], There has been some resistance within the astronomical community toward the reclassification. None of us knew where we were. Pluto met the first two of the these criteria, but the last one . From its time of discovery in 1930 to 2006 it was considered to be the ninth planet in the solar system, but because additional objects have been discovered including Eris which is 27% more massive, the IAU reclassified Pluto and the other objects as dwarf . [90] The minimum separation between Pluto and Neptune actually occurs near the time of Pluto's aphelion. The Disney cartoon character Pluto, Mickey's faithful dog, made his debut in 1930, the same year Tombaugh discovered the dwarf planet. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially created a definition of what makes a planet; Pluto did not meet all the criteria. It was American astronomer Percival Lowell who first thought there might be another planet somewhere near Neptune and Uranus. Plutos surface is far too cold, -378 to -396 degrees F (-228 to -238 C), to sustain life as we know it. The last objective could be accomplished using laser pulses to generate a complete topographic map of Pluto. "Pluto Discovered in 1930." The solar system as a whole was once thought to have nine planets, but it wasn't until 1930 that the discovery of Pluto changed this. READ MORE:The Rise and Fall of Planet Pluto, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/pluto-discovered. In a move that's already generating controversy and will force textbooks to be rewritten, Pluto will now be dubbed a dwarf planet. A year on Pluto is 248 Earth years. The lives and accomplishments of both women aviation pioneers have now been honored with the naming of landmarks on Pluto. Bill Dunford In 1906, Percival Lowell started a far-reaching project in search of a potential ninth planet, which he termed "Planet X." By 1909, Lowell and Pickering had suggested several possible celestial coordinates for the planet. ", "The Great Planet Debate: Science as Process. [122] In June 2020, astronomers reported evidence that Pluto may have had a subsurface ocean, and consequently may have been habitable, when it was first formed. [77], Researchers on both sides of the debate gathered in August 2008, at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for a conference that included back-to-back talks on the current IAU definition of a planet. . It still goes around the sun, it's round enough, it's got moons, and behaves like a planet, but the idea is that Pluto did not form the same way as the rest of the planets. Pluto and Charon, to scale. Clyde Tombaugh, a U.S. astronomer, discovered Pluto in 1930. When Pluto was discovered in 1930, it was called the ninth planet in our solar system, but its status as a fully fledged planet came into question in the 1990s. A conceptual study funded by the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program describes a fusion-enabled Pluto orbiter and lander based on the Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor. This means Charon neither rises nor sets, but hovers over the same spot on Pluto's surface. American Joey Cheek wins the silver medal at the event at the Games in Turin, Italy. With a radius of about 1,190 km or 1,915 miles, Pluto is the largest dwarf planet. The mass is much less than thought before Charon was discovered. The dwarf planet actually gets closer to the sun than Neptune is for 20 . A new study finds the speed of sound is slower on Mars and that, mostly, a deep silence prevails. NASAs Parker Solar Probe has taken its first visible light images of the surface of Venus from space. Planet RR245 is around 435 miles wide, just over 5% the width of the Earth, and has one of the largest orbits of any dwarf planet, taking an estimated 700 years to travel around the sun. But it is much smaller. Charon is named for the river Styx boatman who ferries souls in the underworld (as well as honoring Sharon, the wife of discoverer James Christy); Nix is named for the mother of Charon, who is also the goddess of darkness and night; Hydra is named for the nine-headed serpent that guards the underworld; Kerberos is named after the three-headed dog of Greek mythology (and called Fluffy in the Harry Potter novels), and Styx is named for the mythological river that separates the world of the living from the realm of the dead. But not Pluto. Pluto Is Demoted to 'Dwarf Planet' . Pluto Discovered in 1930. This site is maintained by the Planetary Science Communications team at, NASA Studies Origins of Weird' Solar System Object: Dwarf Planet Haumea, Exploration Extended for 8 Planetary Science Missions, What Sounds Captured by NASA's Perseverance Rover Reveal About Mars, Cosmic Milestone: NASA Confirms 5,000 Exoplanets, NASA's Perseverance Rover Hightails It to Martian Delta, NASA Telescope Spots Highest-Energy Light Ever Detected From Jupiter, Parker Solar Probe Captures its First Images of Venus' Surface in Visible Light, NASA Planes Fly into Snowstorms to Study Earth's Snowfall, NASA's MRO Finds Water Flowed on Mars Longer Than Previously Thought, NASA's Curiosity Rover Measures Intriguing Carbon Signature on Mars, NASA's Curiosity Rover Sends a Picture Postcard From Mars, NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Images Saturn, Hubble's Grand Tour of the Outer Solar System, NASA's Juno: Science Results Offer First 3D View of Jupiter Atmosphere, Using "Charon-light," Researchers Image Pluto's Dark Side in Faint Moonlight, Pluto Landmarks Named for Aviation Pioneers Sally Ride and Bessie Coleman, NASA's Perseverance Sheds More Light on Jezero Crater's Watery Past, NASA Finds 2021 Arctic Summer Sea Ice 12th-Lowest on Record, NASA's InSight Finds Three Big Marsquakes, Thanks to Solar-Panel Dusting, NASA's Webb to Explore Forming Planetary Systems. After Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto with the 13" Lawrence Lowell Telescope, he continued searching for other planets until 1942, covering about 75% of the sky.. Why is Pluto no longer a planet? On what would have been Percival Lowell's 75th birthday, March 13, 1930, the Observatory publicly announced to the world that a new planet had been discovered. [26][28] Upon the announcement, Madan gave Venetia 5 (equivalent to 336 in 2021[29], or US$394 in 2021[30][31]) as a reward. Sputnik Planitia, the western lobe of the "Heart", is a 1,000km-wide basin of frozen nitrogen and carbon monoxide ices, divided into polygonal cells, which are interpreted as convection cells that carry floating blocks of water ice crust and sublimation pits towards their margins;[110][111][112] there are obvious signs of glacial flows both into and out of the basin. Science is self-correcting eventually, even when strong emotions are involved. One day on Pluto takes about 153 hours. In 1931, Pluto was calculated to be roughly the mass of Earth, with further calculations in 1948 bringing the mass down to roughly that of Mars. No one cared that it was the runt of the solar system, with a moon, Charon, half its size. [53] Lowell had made a prediction of Planet X's orbit and position in 1915 that was fairly close to Pluto's actual orbit and its position at that time; Ernest W. Brown concluded soon after Pluto's discovery that this was a coincidence. What's more, its path is quite tilted compared to the planets. Lowell had noticed that the gravitational pull of something large was affecting the orbits of those two planets. For example: "Ninth Planet Discovered on Edge of Solar System: First Found in 84 Years". Then Harry starts feeling around on all the trees, and he says, "I got it! Since then, other bodies have been discovered in the asteroid belt and beyond Neptune which arguably should be planets if Pluto is a planet. [141] Alan Stern has contended that even a small increase in Pluto's surface temperature can lead to exponential increases in Pluto's atmospheric density; from 18hPa to as much as 280hPa (three times that of Mars to a quarter that of the Earth). Its surface gravity is 0.063 g (compared to 1 g for Earth and 0.17 g for the Moon). [26], Each member of the Lowell Observatory was allowed to vote on a short-list of three potential names: Minerva (which was already the name for an asteroid), Cronus (which had lost reputation through being proposed by the unpopular astronomer Thomas Jefferson Jackson See), and Pluto. Pluto was discovered in 1930 by astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. There was 02-02-2022 and now 02-22-2022 which some people are calling Twosday.. Charon's orbit around Pluto takes 153 hours the same time it takes Pluto to complete one rotation. Pluto's orbit passes about 8 AU above that of Neptune, preventing a collision. "Scientists Debate Planet Definition and Agree to Disagree", Planetary Science Institute press release of September 19, 2008, "Plutoids Join the Solar Family", Discover Magazine, January 2009, p. 76, Newton's formulation of Kepler's third law, Princeton field-reversed configuration reactor, How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming, "Horizon Online Ephemeris System for Pluto Barycenter", "New analytical planetary theories VSOP2013 and TOP2013", "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2009", "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 134340 Pluto", "Pluto has carbon monoxide in its atmosphere", "New Horizons: Pluto may have 'nitrogen glaciers', "11 awesome facts about Pluto that you probably don't know", "Finding Pluto: Tough Task, Even 75 Years Later", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "Computing 'Real Value' Over Time With a Conversion Between U.K. [45][47] In 1976, Dale Cruikshank, Carl Pilcher and David Morrison of the University of Hawaii calculated Pluto's albedo for the first time, finding that it matched that for methane ice; this meant Pluto had to be exceptionally luminous for its size and therefore could not be more than 1 percent the mass of Earth. "[71], Public reception to the IAU decision was mixed. [119], It is possible that such heating continues today, creating a subsurface ocean of liquid water 100 to 180 km thick at the coremantle boundary. Diameter: 2,326 km. The lander cleared enough dust from one solar panel to keep its seismometer on through the summer, allowing scientists to study three big quakes. [94][95] Measurements made by the New Horizons spacecraft in 2015 made it possible to calculate the orbit of Arawn more accurately. [163] Like other Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs), Pluto shares features with comets; for example, the solar wind is gradually blowing Pluto's surface into space. Pluto received a unanimous vote. Bill Dunford The whole process takes about 20,000 years to complete.[90][92][93]. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/pluto-discovered-in-1930-1779291. A dwarf planet is round and orbits the sun just like . Based on geometry of minimum and maximum distance from Earth and Pluto radius in the factsheet, The equivalence is less close in languages whose, The discovery of Charon in 1978 allowed astronomers to accurately calculate the mass of the Plutonian system. [117], Pluto's density is 1.8600.013g/cm3. However, despite looking for what he called "Planet X" from 1905 until his death in 1916, Lowell never found it. [25], The name Pluto, after the Greek/Roman god of the underworld, was proposed by Venetia Burney (19182009), an eleven-year-old schoolgirl in Oxford, England, who was interested in classical mythology. At one point it was thought this could be Eris. Interestingly, with the Voyager 2 flybys of Uranus and Neptune in the 1980s, astronomers were able to measure the masses of both . This dwarf planet continues to spur vigorous debate. Pluto, Solar system body, regarded as the ninth planet from the Sun until struck from the list of planets and reclassified as a dwarf planet in August 2006.It was discovered in 1930 by Clyde W. Tombaugh (1906-97) and named after the Greek god of the underworld. There are three conditions which must be met to be a planet. Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. A day on Pluto lasts 153 hours, or about 6 Earth days. [55], Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta lost their planet status after the discovery of many other asteroids. ThoughtCo. The low-resolution area, with named features labeled, The low-resolution area, with features classified by geological type, New Horizons imaged all of Pluto's northern hemisphere, and the equatorial regions down to about 30 South. Pluto's eccentric orbit also concerned astronomers; Pluto was the only planet whose orbit actually crossed that of another planet (sometimes Pluto crosses Neptune's orbit). Pluto is a complex and mysterious world with mountains, valleys, plains, craters, and maybe glaciers. First identified in 1978 by astronomer James Christy, Charon is the only moon of Pluto that may be in hydrostatic equilibrium. The south polar region seems to be darker than the north polar region, but there is a high-albedo region in the southern hemisphere that may be a regional nitrogen or methane ice deposit. [109] These maps were produced by complex computer processing, which finds the best-fit projected maps for the few pixels of the Hubble images. First, Pluto's argument of perihelion, the angle between the point where it crosses the ecliptic and the point where it is closest to the Sun, librates around 90. This great distance from the sun makes Pluto very inhospitable; it's surface is expected to be made up of mostly ice and rock and it takes Pluto 248 years just to make one orbit around the sun. [87], Despite Pluto's orbit appearing to cross that of Neptune when viewed from directly above, the two objects' orbits do not intersect. [81][82][83], Pluto's orbital period is currently about 248 years. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Pluto's planet status became seriously questioned, B.A., History, University of California at Davis. At that small size, Pluto is only about half the width of the United States. Everyone had an opinion. In contrast, Pluto's orbit is moderately inclined relative to the ecliptic (over 17) and moderately eccentric (elliptical). Pluto also exhibits a retrograde rotation; spinning from east to west like Venus and Uranus. Pluto is the largest dwarf planet in our solar system and they follow in size order with: Eris, Makemake, Haumea, and Ceres. The Dwarf Planet- Pluto . A pink dwarf planet was discovered more than seven billion miles from the sun in what was previously known as empty space. Pluto, large, distant member of the solar system that formerly was regarded as the outermost and smallest planet. Observations were made of the change in the total average brightness of the PlutoCharon system during the eclipses. [7] Because the decay of radioactive elements would eventually heat the ices enough for the rock to separate from them, scientists expect that Pluto's internal structure is differentiated, with the rocky material having settled into a dense core surrounded by a mantle of water ice. Pluto is a dwarf planet. Only recently, scientists have finally determined how big this dwarf planet really is. [37], The name 'Pluto' was soon embraced by wider culture. On average, Plutos temperature is -387F (-232C), making it too cold to sustain life. [9] Pluto is the ninth largest body that moves around the Sun. [17], Pluto has yet to complete a full orbit of the Sun since its discovery, as one Plutonian year is 247.68 years long. For over seven decades, Pluto was considered the ninth planet of our solar system. [40] Polynesian languages also tend to use the indigenous god of the underworld, as in Mori Whiro. Pluto and Neptune's minimum separation is over 17AU, which is greater than Pluto's minimum separation from Uranus (11AU). To "pluto" is to "demote or devalue someone or something". Wiki User. Pluto is the 10th massive object in our solar system and the 2nd massive in the category of the dwarf planet after Eris. Design & Development: Declaring Pluto a planet and declaring March 13, 2007, 'Pluto planet day' at the legislature", "Illinois General Assembly: Bill Status of SR0046, 96th General Assembly", "Is Rekindling the Pluto Planet Debate a Good Idea? Nix and Hydra were both discovered in 2005,[147] Kerberos was discovered in 2011,[148] and Styx was discovered in 2012. Pluto has five known moons: Charon, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos, and Styx. Pluto is a dwarf planet. NASAs Hubble Space Telescope has completed this year's grand tour of the outer solar system. (One AU is the mean distance between Earth and the Sun: about 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers.) This is known as the 1:1 superresonance. [7] Its formal name is 134340 Pluto, and its planetary symbol [8] or . It is one of five dwarf planets in our Solar System that have so far been discovered. The PlutoCharon barycenter came to perihelion on September 5, 1989,[3][i] and was last closer to the Sun than Neptune between February 7, 1979, and February 11, 1999. August 24, 2021 at 6:00 am. [36] There are in addition several other symbols for Pluto found in European astrological sources, including three accepted by Unicode: , U+2BD4 ; , U+2BD5 , used in Uranian astrology; and /, U+2BD6 , found in various orientations, showing Pluto's orbit cutting across that of Neptune. [15], In 1906, Percival Lowella wealthy Bostonian who had founded Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, in 1894started an extensive project in search of a possible ninth planet, which he termed "Planet X". We have known about Pluto since 1930, but only in 2006, the celestial object was demoted to a dwarf planet after the discovery of Eris, another dwarf planet. After its discovery in 1930, Pluto was considered the ninth planet of our solar system. Its average distance from the Sun is about 3.7 billion mi (5.9 billion km)it is located within the Kuiper beltbut its . [164] It has been claimed that if Pluto were placed as near to the Sun as Earth, it would develop a tail, as comets do. Pluto has a radius of 1.185 kilometers / 737 miles, thus it is 1/6 the width of Earth and a diameter of 2.326 km / 1.445 mi. It has long been clear that Pluto, discovered in 1930, stood apart from the previously discovered planets. [100] The reason for this unusual orientation has been debated. Percival Lowell: Astronomer Who Searched for Life on Mars, Journey Through the Solar System: Dwarf Planet Pluto, Take a Space-Themed Vacation Here on Earth, The Discovery and Characteristics of the Icy, Remote Kuiper Belt, The Dwarf Planet Sedna: Discovery and Facts, The New Solar System: Exploration Continues, Geodesy and the Size and Shape of the Planet Earth, Journey Through the Solar System: Planet Neptune, Journey Through the Solar System: Planets, Moons, Rings and More, Exploring the Planets With an Amateur Telescope. Pluto was the only planet in our solar system discovered by U.S. astronomers. The IAU set three criteria to define a full-sized planet: In 2006 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) formally redefined the term planet to exclude dwarf planets such as Pluto. The name denotes both the assumed unfavorable surface conditions (as Pluto was the Roman god of the underworld) and also honors Percival Lowell, as Lowell's initials make up the first two letters of the planet's name. [68] He argued that all big spherical moons, including the Moon, should likewise be considered planets. This Februarys calendar has lots of twos. Family portrait of the five moons of Pluto, to scale. A new study finally reveals higher-frequency X-rays and explains why they eluded another mission 30 years ago. A composite image of the sub-Charon hemisphere of Pluto. The Observatory then hired 23-year-old Clyde W. Tombaugh to use Lowell's predictions and the new telescope to search the skies for a new planet. It took a year of detailed, painstaking work, but Tombaugh did find Planet X. Interesting ices like methane and nitrogen frost coat the surface. Beyond Charon there are four much smaller circumbinary moons. One astronomical unit (abbreviated as AU), is the distance from the Sun to Earth. In 2006, it was reclassified as a "dwarf . Pluto was then downgraded from a "planet" to a "dwarf planet.". Pluto's interior is warmer, however, and some think there could even be an ocean deep inside. Pluto's tallest mountains are 6,500 to 9,800 feet (2 to 3 kilometers) in height. Dwarf planets are objects orbiting (going around) the Sun which are smaller than a planet. It's about 3.6 billion miles away from the Sun, and it has a thin atmosphere composed mostly of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide. The same side of Charon always faces Pluto, a state called tidal locking. Pluto is approximately 1,400 miles wide. Scientists have announced that samples collected by Curiosity are rich in a type of carbon associated with biological processes on Earth. When bigger and better telescopes began to discover other large bodies beyond Neptune in the 1990s, and especially when another large body was discovered in 2003 that rivaled the size of Pluto, Pluto's planet status became seriously questioned. Pluto is very small, only about half the width of the United States and its biggest moon Charon is about half the size of Pluto. Numerical studies have shown that over millions of years, the general nature of the alignment between the orbits of Pluto and Neptune does not change. Launched in 2006, it captured its first (distant) images of Pluto in late September 2006 during a test of the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager. The discovery was made by an astronomer named Clyde Tombaugh, who works in Flagstaff, Arizona for the Lowell . From an average distance of 3.7 billion miles (5.9 billion kilometers), Pluto is 39 astronomical units away from the Sun. This eccentricity means a small region of Pluto's orbit lies closer to the Sun than Neptune's. It was agreed that planets and dwarf planets are two distinct classes of objects. Pluto's orbit is both eccentric and inclined more than the rest of the planets by about 17 degrees. Rosenberg, Jennifer. [60] Its mass is substantially less than the combined mass of the other objects in its orbit: 0.07 times, in contrast to Earth, which is 1.7million times the remaining mass in its orbit (excluding the moon). Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/pluto-discovered-in-1930-1779291. [151][153] When precession is accounted for, the orbital periods of Styx, Nix, and Hydra are in an exact 18:22:33 ratio. Each cycle lasts about 495 years. Once discovered, Planet X needed a name. Higher southern latitudes have only been observed, at very low resolution, from Earth. In comparison, it is around 70% of our moon's diameter and roughly 18% of Earth's. In fact, it has less than 0.2 lunar mass. Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Pluto's status was questioned in part because it was by far the smallest of the planets. Plus, Pluto's moon (Charon, named after Charon of the underworld, discovered in 1978) is incredibly large in comparison. These arise principally from two additional mechanisms (besides the 2:3 mean-motion resonance). The mass of the pluto is around 0.2% of the earth and 17.5% of the earth's moon. [48] (Pluto's albedo is 1.41.9 times that of Earth. This "side view" of Pluto's orbit (in red) shows its large inclination to the, Orbit of Pluto polar view. (Planetary symbols in general are uncommon in astronomy, and are discouraged by the IAU. [26], The final choice of name was helped in part by the fact that the first two letters of Pluto are the initials of Percival Lowell. The IAU Resolution means that the Solar System officially consists of eight planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Scientists marked the 91st anniversary of the discovery of Pluto this week. This made its official status as a planet controversial, with many questioning whether Pluto should be considered together with or separately from its surrounding population. For 76 years, Pluto was the beloved ninth planet. But whats the difference between them? Its thickness in the place of measurement was 4km, and the temperature was 373 K. The layer is not continuous. Pickering as a guide, the search for Pluto was resumed at the Lowell Observatory in Arizona. [182][183][184][185], Since the New Horizons flyby, scientists have advocated for an orbiter mission that would return to Pluto to fulfill new science objectives. [170], Many Kuiper belt objects, like Pluto, are in a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune. [157] This also means that the rotation period of each is equal to the time it takes the entire system to rotate around its barycenter. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet, but its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected. [7] Using radio occultation data from the New Horizons Radio Science Experiment (REX), the diameter was found to be 2376.63.2km. The dune wavelengths are in the range of 0.41km and they are likely consists of methane particles 200300m in size. The buildup of nitrogen is due to Pluto's vast distance from the Sun. But Pluto does not. Pluto is officially classified as a dwarf planet. The moons are Charon (discovered in 1978,), Hydra and Nix (both discovered in 2005), Kerberos originally P4 (discovered 2011) and Styx originally P5 (discovered 2012) official designations S/2011 (134340) 1 and S/2012 (134340) 1. On August 24, . Managing Editor: Vietnamese might be expected to follow Chinese, but does not because the Sino-Vietnamese word minh "dark" is homophonous with minh "bright". [52] Today, the majority of scientists agree that Planet X, as Lowell defined it, does not exist. New Horizons made its closest approach to Pluto on July 14, 2015, after a 3,462-day journey across the Solar System. The path through the solar system is a rocky road. A team is tracking storms across parts of the U.S. in two NASA planes to help understand the inner workings of winter storms. Pluto orbits the Sun about 3.6 billion miles (5.8 billion km) away on average, about 40 times as far as Earth, in a region called the Kuiper Belt. The atmosphere has a blue tint and distinct layers of haze. [195] Images from the Hubble Space Telescope in 1996 cover 85% of Pluto and show large albedo features down to about 75 South. Ceres's shape . Written By. [24] Tombaugh urged Slipher to suggest a name for the new object quickly before someone else did. [78] Entitled "The Great Planet Debate",[79] the conference published a post-conference press release indicating that scientists could not come to a consensus about the definition of planet.

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