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U1966214, 51821005, 21975087, 22008082) and the Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant (2021M691134). Thank you for visiting nature.com. CAS Adv. 13, 1317 (2022). Technol. Soft wearable systems for colorimetric and electrochemical analysis of biofluids. Liu, M., Pang, Y., Zhang, B. et al. d Optical image of a Xenopus oocyte with a Cell Rover partially inserted into the cell membrane. reported highly transparent iontronic pressure sensors created by filling porous PVDF film with ionic liquids (ILs) (Fig. Phys. Sensing materials with nanometer-scale variable structures. Conde, M. R. Properties of aqueous solutions of lithium and calcium chlorides: formulations for use in air conditioning equipment design. Yang, L. et al. Additionally, some interesting applications, such as help people with vocal cord lesions communicate effectively; identity recognition according to the characteristics of time domain and frequency domain for the host speaking, demonstrate its great feasibility and potential in new frontiers (Fig. China Chem. d, CO2 reduction performance of Au needles in NH4HCO3 solution. and D.S. Bae, J.T. Some pressure sensors are capable of selective/specific direction [227, 238], multi-dimensional [70, 239, 240] or omnidirectional [70, 239] signal detection through different structural designs. Sarwar, Y. Dobashi, C. Preston, J.K.M. Pressure sensors with high transparency can be easily integrated into functional electronic devices to provide a clear view without affecting other units, which are well suited for humancomputer interfaces and optical devices [93]. 4, 1729 (2021). Articles ASAP (as soon as publishable) are posted online and available to view immediately after technical editing, formatting for publication, and author proofing. The Ag nanoparticles on the head and stem of individual Ag nanomushroom were modeled as inferior arcs. Yoon, T.Y. Chem. Yin et al. Application: wearable electronics in health care [31] (Copyright (2020) The Authors), intelligent device in smart homes [72] (Copyright (2020) WileyVCH), digital sports [21] (Copyright (2019) The Authors), wireless monitoring in security system [53] (Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society). Am. Copyright (2020) American Chemical Society. Lee, H. et al. Description of additional Supplementary File, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 6, 13481354 (2020). The rate performance of the cells was assessed by cycling the cells at different current densities with a cut-off capacity of 1mAh cm2. e Dynamic sorption curves of Li-SHC with the salt content of 40%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 95%. Zhao, F. et al. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202001157, Z. Yang, S. Lv, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, L. Jiang et al., Self-assembly 3D porous crumpled MXene spheres as efficient gas and pressure sensing material for transient all-MXene sensors. Article Mater. 4, 193201 (2021). The portable Raman device consists of six main modules: core (control unit), laser driver (laser emitting), CCD (charge coupled device), peripheral circuit (signal transmission), Raman module (signal analysis), and smart-port (software section). Copyright (2019) The Authors. The capacitance depends on the plate spacing, contact surface, and effective dielectric constant affected by deformation under pressure [66]. Crit. 30, 749761 (2016). The dry weights of sorbents were between 37.9039.65g. All sorbents were exposed to the air for 12h from 20:00 to 08:00 the next day. d-e Pugilism training monitor [51]. For such resonators operating at high frequencies eddy current losses in the resonator material are the dominating loss mechanism46. Self-assemble synthesis of structured sensing materials. Adv. A \({k}_{t}\) of 0.0066 and wireless power transfer efficiency of 3.67%, assuming maximum power transfer condition, was obtained for the resonator in air (Supplementary Table3). 5, 3002 (2014). The sensor was capable of omnidirectional detection of pressure, torsion, and shear force with high sensitivity. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.201800363, S. Chen, Y. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201905015, L. Wang, J.A. 3g, the maximum water yield per unit of energy consumption (5215.1mLm2kWh1) also occurred in the case of the one-layer one-hour case. Rev. Sci. Chem. Condens. Interfaces 11(32), 2901429021 (2019). The main advantages of capacitive sensors are a stable sensing performance, good dynamic response, and low power consumption. Approaching high-performance potassium-ion batteries via advanced design strategies and engineering. This study integrates epidermal microfluidics with portable SERS molecular recognition, presenting a controllable, handy, and dynamical biofluid sensing system for personalized medicine. designed and compared the stability of the sensor with and without connection interface [81]. Nat. As for the one-layer three-hour case, the water yield per kWh dramatically declines to only 3274.4mLm2kWh1. Rapid cycling and exceptional yield in a metal-organic framework water harvester. Ritchie, Bioinspired large-scale aligned porous materials assembled with dual temperature gradients. h SEM image of hollow hierarchical structure [225]. Chos group designed a piezoresistive sensor based on CNT-functionalized sunflower pollen (SFP) microcapsules composite film (CF) (Fig. The optimum heating temperature was around 110C for sorbent regeneration, which ensured the long-term cyclic performance of a sorbent. f, High-magnification SEM image of oxidized Au needles. 8, 1802352 (2018). Chem. Cell Rep. Phys. Chem. In this calculation, each Ag nanomushroom was simplified as a combined geometry of a circular (head of the Ag nanomushroom), isosceles trapezoid (stem of the Ag nanomushroom), and rectangle (the Ag layer at bottom). d Schematic illustration, ef Circuit diagram and sensing mechanism of the multilayer-stacked conductive fabric [50]. Wang, The triboelectric nanogenerator as an innovative technology toward intelligent sports. The polarization curves of Au particles (l), Au rods (m), and Au needles (n) in 0.5M KHCO3 aqueous electrolyte at 025C. Article Lee, K.W. 3a-b and Supplementary Figs. ACS Nano 6, 67066716 (2012). Park, M.G. 14a). Adv. Jin, X., Liu, C., Xu, T., Su, L. & Zhang, X. The well-trained neural network models can create reasoning computational sensing systems and decode various behaviors through iteratively analyzing the data-driven sensing results. Wearable sensors are convenient for monitoring and correcting the sitting posture by attaching the sensor to the persons back [39] and detecting movement signals of the human body (fingers, wrists, arms, knees, and other joint movements) to prevent accidental injuries (Fig. Pressure sensors with a wide working range and long-term durability are required in many practical applications. 2, 100664 (2021). 5a. Energy 165, 387395 (2018). Mater. He, Highly sensitive bilayer phosphorene nanoribbon pressure sensor based on the energy gap modulation mechanism: a theoretical study. Here, we demonstrate a wearable microfluidic nanoplasmonic sensor capable of refreshable and portable recognition fingerprint information of targeted biomarkers including urea, lactate, and pH in sweat. J. Copyright (2019) WileyVCH. Dual-stage atmospheric water harvesting device for scalable solar-driven water production. c Negative Poisson's ratio structure with more contact under compression [77]. Recent advances in understanding dendrite growth on alkali metal anodes. ACS Appl. The samples were completely dried at 120C, then placed in the thermogravimetric analyzer and kept at 30C under different humidity (30%, 60%, and 90% RH) for 12h for water sorption. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2014.05.006, R.S. Simplified 3D models of randomly arranged carbon fibers (CFs) and porous fibers (representing MSCNFs) were set up, where the fibers of each layer with an alternating direction were stacked horizontally on the XY plane, and the spacing on the Z-axis between layers was fixed. 10, 5147 (2019). Adv. Alkali-metal anodes: from lab to market. C 125(29), 1629616303 (2021). Although the SERS substrate consisting of Ag-deposited Si nanopillar arrays was rigid, given its ultrathinness (only 100 m in thickness) and miniaturization (3.9mm in diameter), as illustrated in Supplementary Fig. He, X., Fan, C., Xu, T. & Zhang, X. Biospired janus silk E-textiles with wet-thermal comfort for highly efficient biofluid monitoring. A detailed discussion of the Comsol simulation can be seen in Supplementary Note3. Thus, positioning targeted molecules within these nanogap sites can produce a fine electromagnetic enhancement effect, which was further confirmed by subsequent experiment results. Adv. By comparison, the peak intensity of 108 M R6G in Ag nanomushroom arrays was significantly stronger than the above two ones, with AEF up to 1.488106. Chem. Chem. Before the simulation, we first confirmed the Reynolds number (Re) according to the following equation51: where , v, and represent the density, flow velocity, and viscosity of the liquid, d denotes characteristic length, viz., the width of microchannel in our case. Sci. Thus, the rational design of an analytical system after considering the intrinsic peak of high-abundance markers in specific biofluids is necessary. Mass loading effect arises from a thin layer of liquid close to the resonator surface which is activated by its vibration which increases the effective mass of the resonator and this increase is characterized by the parameter \({m}_{w}\). Free-standing hollow carbon fibers as high-capacity containers for stable lithium metal anodes. The sharp dominant peaks at 1005 and 853cm1 were employed for calibration of urea and lactate, and linear standardized curves of urea from 0.1 to 1000mM, lactate from 0.01 to 100mM were obtained with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.950, respectively (Supplementary Fig. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl503402c, Y. Tang, H. Zhou, X. 6(6), 2001157 (2021). 11, 11241134 (2018). Bin, D.-S. et al. We believe our wearable device will unlock more applications and open up previously unnoticed horizons in various fields, such as athletic, military, criminal investigation, clinical care, intelligent medicine, etc. Mater. Google Scholar. 11, 3529 (2020). ACS Appl. Kim, M.P. Tao et al. However, the cost is that these permeable SERS substrates are usually structurally unstable and vulnerable to epidermal deformation when touching the skin. CAS Kim, M.K. Zhao, Y. et al. Seo, K.J. and JavaScript. In general, piezocapacitive pressure sensors consist of an insulating medium (dielectric) sandwiched by two parallel conducting plates. Virtual issue dedicated to the 25th Anniversary of the Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, Singapore View the article. No oxide can be detected on Au needle tip, indicating that reduction of the HAuCl4 precursor was complete within the detection limits of this technique. Today Proc. Thus, this technology has the potential to not only provide fundamentally new insights into biology, but also create novel pathways for health monitoring and therapeutics. Mater. Figure3d shows an optical image of a Cell Rover partially inserted into the cell membrane using the magnetic tweezers and Fig. 14, 3338 (1996), Tang, W., Sanville, E. & Henkelman, G. A grid-based Bader analysis algorithm without lattice bias. Although the design of microcracks is often used for the flexible tensile strain sensors, some of them can also be employed to monitor the stimulation of vibration and pressure [98, 99]. The antenna is excited with a uniform AC magnetic field equal to the experimentally measured field and the amplitude and phase of the voltage across the Rx coil is simulated. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. E Low Dimens. Adv. To fabricate the cell, the working and counter electrodes were first placed at the opposite inner sides of the quartz cuvette, along with the injection of the electrolyte. Kim et al., A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres. To study this, we measured the frequency response from 8 different Cell Rovers of size 500m200m28m injected in eight different cells. Mater. Wearable plasmonic paper-based microfluidics for continuous sweat analysis. Phys. Surprisingly, only 0.5L of sample solution was sufficient to produce Raman signal for pH measurement. For the solute whose molecular weight is less than 1000, D can be roughly calculated as52: Where , MB, and T denote the association factor, the molar mass of solvent B, and temperature, respectively. The biofluid can flow into the microchannels driven by the pressure action of the subcutaneous sweat glands and assisted by capillary effect in the microchannels. 5b and 5c shows the measured S11 response of the Tx coil with and without the resonator inside it. Figure2c shows the simulated strain distribution and Fig. describes the capillary number in porous media [105,106]. Article Nano Res. 2(2), 862878 (2020). 25(21), 32033209 (2015). ACS Nano 9(9), 89338941 (2015). Nat. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0268-1, E. MacDonald, R. Wicker, Multiprocess 3D printing for increasing component functionality. 37, 389406 (2019). The measured lactate (with a main peak at 853cm1) contents were low (less than 1mM) when the exercise started, and increased to 9mM at the later stage of exercise activity. And a variety of microstructures have been utilized in capacitive pressure sensors to achieve a fast response time in the ms range, including randomly distributed microridges [75] and porous pyramids [121]. A plasmid-based multigene expression system for mammalian cells. b Air temperature and RH variation within 24h in the semi-arid region of Lanzhou, China. The steady-state temperature difference between the condensation surface and the heating plate reaches ~42C. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra were recorded on the FTIR spectrometer (Nicolet 6700) using an attenuated total reflection (ATR) cell equipped with a Ge crystal. Considering the high correspondence between arid regions and solar-rich regions, the possibility of using solar PV systems to boost low-carbon water harvesters was estimated (Supplementary Information Section11). The fabrication process was shown to be repeatable and any variability arising from the position of injected Cell Rovers was found to be minimized by orienting them using a DC magnetic field. Sci. Burgstaller, S. et al. Kos team designed the regular wave structured electrode array, which are self-generated due to the action of surface reconstruction caused by the material of Ag NPs melting, convection flowing and solidifying under the given laser-induced thermal gradient (Fig. Mater. Funct. ADS Click Go. 14b) [116]. Mater. Wang, L. et al. The size of the contact area of these structures followed the order microcolumn
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