cisa ransomware playbook

These may be important for future forensics. Partners can use CTEPs to initiate discussions within their organizations about their ability to address a variety of threat scenarios. Effective incident management lessens the impact of a cyber incident; A practised plan will help you make good decisions under the pressure of a real incident; Key actions are approved in advance, allowing financial authorities and resources to be available in the immediate steps of your incident response; A well-managed response, with clear communication throughout, builds trust with shareholders and customers; and, Learning from incidents identifies gaps and issues with your response capability. Malicious actors then demand ransom in exchange for decryption. ITSAP.10.035 Top measures to enhance cyber security for small and medium organizations. Implementing automatic alerting within your monitoring practices is also necessary in order for anomalies in activity patterns to be flagged and reviewed, as well as potential vulnerabilities and events that need risk mitigation action to be taken. You should have two or more backups stored offline and inaccessible by your networks and internet connection. When an application is launched, it is compared against the allow list. local police and the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre) and online via the Cyber Centres My Cyber Portal. You should choose a recovery strategy that meets your business needs and security requirements. It is also critical to take note of your recovery efforts, documenting what went well and what areas require improvement. Section 2.1.4 provides details on adopting MFA into your account and access management practices. According to the NCCoE, "ransomware, destructive malware, insider threats, and even honest mistakes present an ongoing threat to an organization's infrastructure. Preparing your organization and applying proactive measures to protect your network, connected devices, and information is critical for your ability to respond to and recover from ransomware. Password vaults ensure a higher level of protection as the passwords are cycled and synched with your systems. If the ransomware spreads to your backups, you will be unable to restore and recover your systems and data, which ultimately halts your business operations. This project includes a wide range of design rules and technologies to develop a best fit solution that can help the market fight this emergent threat. Once the IoCs discovered in the Identification phase have been used to find any additional hosts that may be infected, isolate these devices as well. In the third stage of a ransomware incident, the number one mitigation measure you can implement for your organization is your backup plan. A VPN acts as a secure tunnel through which you can send and receive data on an existing physical network. CISA Shares Incident Detection, Response Playbook for Cyber Activity The joint DHS CISA alert highlights the best practice methods for incident detection and remediation of malicious cyber. Use security products or services that block access to known ransomware sites on the internet. Prepare sample media statements that can be tailored to cyber incidents as they occur. Review ITSAP.00.070 Supply chain security for small and medium-size organizations Footnote 2 to secure your organizations supply chain. Phishing is an attack that uses text, email, or social media to trick users into clicking a malicious link or attachment. September 2019. There are various types of backups you can implement to protect your organizations information. Ransomware attacks can jeopardize your organizations reputation, so your communications plan must be implemented swiftly following an incident to ensure your stakeholders are informed and able to enact their own incident response plans if necessary. Cybersecurity & Compliance Solutions & Services | Rapid7 Apply the principle of least privilege in which you provide individuals only the set of access privileges that are essential for them to perform authorized tasks. Analyze the malware to determine characteristics that may be used to contain the outbreak. Note where the malware was located on the infected system, note this as an IoC. Create temporary administrator accounts to begin your recovery and monitor whether your original accounts are being leveraged by the threat actor. When ransomware infects a device, it either locks the screen or encrypts the files, preventing access to the information and systems on your devices. To manage access to your systems and data, apply the principle of least privilege: only provide employees with access to the functions and privileges necessary to complete their tasks. There are a variety of patches available; however, the following three types are most applied: For more information on patching and updating your devices, see ITSAP.10.096 How updates secure your devices Footnote 16. 613-949-7048 or 1-833-CYBER-88. For more information on developing your incident response plan, see ITSAP.40.003 Developing your incident response plan Footnote 6. Detail how, when, and with whom your team communicates. January 2021. Preserve a copy of the malware file (s) in a password protected zip file. Mobilize the team and remember to take as much help as possible. Macros are written sequences that imitate user keystrokes and mouse commands to automatically repeat tasks in applications. CTEPs also provide scenario and module questions to discuss pre-incident information and intelligence sharing, incident response, and post-incident recovery. This may include some members of Information Technology roles, depending on the organization size. According to research by Gartner, ransomware is the highest priority (78 percent) and most important . Automate and orchestrate your Security Operations with Cortex XSOAR's ever-growing Content Repository. You may also need to disable your virtual private networks, remote access servers, single sign on resources, and cloud-based or public-facing assets as additional measures to contain the ransomware infection. They will deploy the malware payload and infect your systems and connected devices with ransomware. It is often referred to as the address book for the Internet. ITSAP.00.200 How to protect Your organization from malicious macros. Those resources provide recommendations for how FCEB . Threat actors can exploit PowerShell and inject malicious code into your devices memory. An allow list selects and approves specific applications and application components (e.g. Original release date: November 16, 2021 | Last revised: January 24, 2022, Cybersecurity& Infrastructure SecurityAgency, Federal Government Cybersecurity Incident and Vulnerability Response Playbooks, Executive Order on Improving the Nations Cybersecurity. Protective DNS identifies malicious domains against your organizations blocklist, which is a listing of domains and IP addresses that users are not permitted to visit using corporate assets or while on your organizations network. Your networks and devices can be infected with ransomware in the following ways: If your device is infected with ransomware, you will receive a notice on your screen indicating your files are encrypted and inaccessible until the ransom is paid. Use of strong passwords, or preferable passphrases, to attempt to prevent threat actors from being successful in brute force attacks. This hash may also be used to search for community information regarding this malware (i.e. Ransomware Protection Playbook . The Maze ransomware, previously known in the community as "ChaCha ransomware", was discovered on May the 29th 2019 by Jerome Segura [1]. October 2020. There are three stages to a ransomware incident: the threat actor gain entry to your network, systems, or devices; the threat actor takes control and deploys the ransomware; and the threat actor encrypts your data, destroys your backups, and steals your organizational data then demands a ransom payment to have your access restored. Additional hash values (SHA1, MD5, etc.) The message will instruct you to pay a ransom to unlock the device and retrieve the files. Ransomware is considered a cybercrime and may be investigated by law enforcement. The plan will ensure your organization can restore critical systems and data and get back to business quickly. Containment is critical in ransomware incidents, prioritize accordingly. The range of average payment amounts shown in the graph goes from approximately $25,000 to just over $300,000. The information provided in this document is intended to inform and assist organizations with drawing down the risks, reducing impacts, and taking preventative actions associated with ransomware attacks. Here are the best antivirus software (opens in new tab) out there; Ransomware and the conventional approaches to guarding against it. With network segmentation, traffic is directed and flows through the different sections of the network. Attackers can also learn which detection and recovery activities are in place on your systems, helping them avoid discovery and preventing you from stopping further attacks. Use your best judgment. Use antivirus software at all times and make sure it's set up to automatically scan your emails and removable media (e.g., flash drives) for ransomware and other malware. Australian Cyber Security Centre. Each playbook includes: Prerequisites: The specific requirements you need to complete before starting the investigation. You can use these phases to structure your plan and your response. Your monitoring system should generate logs that can be reviewed by IT specialists and management when necessary. Consult the Cyber Centre Learning Hub for advice and guidance on cyber security event management training. Your policy may add an additional layer of protection and may also provide your organization with incident response expertise in the event of a ransomware attack. Create and distribute an incident report to relevant parties. Vulnerable to ransomware if connected to your systems or networks. Canadian Centre for Cyber Security. Susceptible to data loss in the event of a natural disaster or power surge. Once the link is clicked or the attachment is opened, malware is usually placed on the system to help gain persistent access with Command and Control (C2) operated by software like Cobalt Strike. Critical information may include financial records, proprietary assets, and personal data. Alternate format: Ransomware playbook (ITSM.00.099) (PDF,2.21MB). For more information on email domain protection, see ITSP.40.065 Implementation Guidance: Email Domain Protection Footnote 19. Depending on the incident, you may need to contact law enforcement or a lawyer. Run anti-virus and anti-malware diagnostics on your backup to make sure it is clean before you begin the restore process. Note: Some cyber security controls identified in Figure 6 can be applied at various stages or areas within your network and systems. Ransomware is a type of malicious attack where attackers encrypt an organization's data and demand payment to restore access. Once your recovery efforts are in place, please refer to section 1 How to Defend Against Ransomware advice on how to improve your cyber security environment. CISA and MS-ISAC are distributing this guide to inform and enhance network defense and reduce exposure to a ransomware attack: Your strategy should include several layers of defence with several mitigation measures or security controls at each layer. October 2020. Below, we provide a checklist (Table 2) for your organization to follow when taking immediate action, ideally within the first few hours, against a ransomware attack. If data-exfiltration and extortion were determined to be part of this attack, work with legal counsel to determine next steps. Reinstall the operating system to rid your devices of the infection. You should recover your systems using offsite backups that are not connected to your networks. Develop an incident response policy that establishes the authorities, roles, and responsibilities for your organization. If rebuilding or replacing physical systems, preserve physical hard disks, solid state drives, or forensically sound images of those storage drives. There are several options to consider when implementing your recovery strategy. Isolation will temporarily remove the threat actors access to you infrastructure, allowing you to gain control and further your incident investigation, response, and recovery. Identify your key systems and assets that are critical to your business operations. The following checklist (Table 1) provides an overview of the key elements you should include in your incident response plan. Great article! It can have devastating impacts on your business, often halting your ability to produce products and services. Hashing is used to verify the applications integrity, meaning the application is what it says it is. Designate backup responders to act for any absent CIRT members in the event of an incident. Even if you pay, threat actors may still carry out the following actions: The following chart (Figure 2) from the NCTA 2020 demonstrates the increase in the average ransom payment over the past few years. Review ITSM.50.030 Cyber security considerations for consumers of managed services Footnote 1 to protect your organization. With Windows specifically, Microsoft developed an automated system administration capability through an interface powered by their shell scripting language (PowerShell). Ransomware as a Service (RaaS) is a model in which threat actors, regardless of their skills, can purchase malware from developers on the dark web. - c. Prepare emergency documentation, such as a contact list for all employees, clients, service providers and suppliers, to ensure you can react quickly and efficiently in the event of a ransomware incident. A primary part of your incident response should include reporting cybercrimes to law enforcement (e.g. Implement endpoint detection and response tools. You will execute this plan if your main systems and data storage are compromised and need to be restored with your copied information. The steps in this playbook should be followed sequentially where appropriate. When permitted, your organization should consider implementing passphrases in place of passwords, however, most systems are set up to require a username and password to grant access. Determine which devices and systems are infected with the ransomware. There are also CTEPs that are geared towards specific industries or facilities to allow for discussion of their unique needs. running an update). Segmenting your network allows you to stop traffic flow in certain zones and prevent it from flowing to other areas in your network. If the playbook is being accessed during an event or incident you may proceed to Preparation Step 4b. 2.1.2 Develop your incident response plan, 2.1.4 Manage user and administrator accounts, 2.2.5 Constrain scripting environments and disable macros, 2.2.8 Use protective domain name system (DNS), Figure 2: Average ransom payment over time, Figure 6: Security controls to reduce the risk of ransomware, Table 1: Incident response plan checklist, Table 2: Guidelines for your recovery plan, Table 3: Immediate response checklist detection, analysis, containment, and eradication, National Cyber Threat Assessment 2020 (NCTA), ITSAP.40.002 Tips for backing up your information, ITSAP.40.003 Developing your incident response plan, ITSAP.40.004 Developing your IT recovery pan, ITSAP.10.094 Managing and Controlling Administrative Privileges, ITSAP.30.032 Best Practices for Passwords and Passphrases, Baseline security controls for small and medium organizations, ITSAP.10.035 Top measures to enhance cyber security for small and medium organizations, ITSAP.00.200 How to protect your organization from malicious macros, ITSAP.10.096 How updates secure your devices, ITSAP.30.025 Password Managers Security, ITSP.40.065 Implementation Guidance: Email Domain Protection, ITSM.50.030 Cyber security considerations for consumers of managed services, ITSAP.00.070 Supply chain security for small and medium-size organizations, How ransomware happens and how to stop it Lifecycle of a ransomware incident, ITSAP.10.094 Managing and controlling administrative privileges, ITSAP.30.032 Best practices for passwords and passphrases, ITSAP.00.200 How to protect Your organization from malicious macros, Establish your Cyber Incident Response Team (CIRT). Threat actors can also use your compromised network to spread the ransomware to other connected systems and devices. Safely wipe your infected devices to remove any malware, bugs, or viruses. Penetration testing is a method for gaining assurance of the security of a system. In addition to this tactic, threat actors actively monitor the communications and planned recovery actions of an organization to undermine response efforts and further infiltrate networks and connected devices. Russia Linked to Nearly 75% of Late 2021 Ransomware Attacks, Per Analysis . Following your incident response plan, identify the critical systems and data that need to be recovered first. For more information, phone or email our Services Coordination Centre: This document introduces ransomware, threat actor motivations and gains, and measures to prevent these attacks and protect your organization. Please use these response guides as a framework for your business to respond in the event of a potential threat. This playbook refers to a real-world infection involving Cerber ransomware, one of the most active ransomware families. Once you have completed the steps identified in Table 2, and you are positive that both your backups and your devices are clear of any malware or viruses, you should begin your recovery process, as outlined in subsections 3.1.2.1 to 3.1.2.4. Drive-by download occurs when a user unknowingly visits an infected website where malware is downloaded and installed without the users knowledge. Sharing your lessons learned can benefit other organizations and the cyber security community. DO NOT power off machines, as forensic artifacts may be lost. There are several approaches you can take to enhance the protection of your networks and devices. Procuring professional services from a highly rated cyber security agency or professional can be a helpful asset when preparing for and responding to a ransomware incident. Yes|Somewhat|No. Canadian Shield can be set-up on your router or gateway to better protect your entire network. Canadian Centre for Cyber Security. Restrict administrative privileges and require confirmation for any actions that need elevated access rights and permissions. You could then have a secondary backup in the Cloud with your CSP. Identify stakeholders including clients, vendors, business owners, systems owners, and managers. Installing anti-phishing software is another option for enhancing your organizations cyber security. Other malware distribution networks (ZLoader). The following chart (Figure 2) from the NCTA 2020 demonstrates the increase in the average ransom payment from 2019 to the third quarter of 2021. Ensure you test your backup and restore processes frequently and adjust any issues immediately to ensure your backup files are ready for your organization to recover quickly in the event of a ransomware incident. Exposed services, such as Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and content management systems, allow access to your devices. Canadian Centre for Cyber Security. Your organization should adopt a defence in depth (multi-layer) strategy to protect its devices, systems, and networks from not only ransomware, but other types of malware and cyber attacks. Anti-phishing software blocks phishing emails to prevent attacks from occurring or spreading further. . Backups are stored on a cloud platform, often maintained by a cloud service provider (CSP). June 2021. For more details about the playbooks and CISAs role supporting President Bidens Cyber Executive Order, visitExecutive Order on Improving the Nations Cybersecurity. Prior to restoring from a backup, scan and analyze it to ensure it hasnt been compromised by the threat actor. Determine what data, even in-transit data, has been impacted by the ransomware. They may also deploy a incident handling team to lead your organizations response and recovery process. The document is divided into two sections: If you have been the victim of ransomware and need advice and guidance on how to recover, see section 2 How to Recover from Ransomware. Report the ransomware incident to law enforcement (e.g. Document the known details to ensure your CIRT has an initial understanding of what has occurred. Each increment is saved as an incremental volume. The Vulnerability Response Playbook applies toanyvulnerability that is observed to be used by adversaries to gain unauthorized entry into computing resources. Often the ransomware incident is a symptom of a more serious hack or intrusion by the threat actor. You may want to do a full backup periodically (weekly or monthly) and before major system upgrades. They are embedded in the code of the files, enabling users to create shortcuts for specific tasks (e.g. Using strong passwords is one step in protecting your systems and sensitive information, but it is not enough to prevent a threat actor from gaining access. Demisto is now Cortex XSOAR. CISA offers a range of no-cost cyber hygiene services to help organizations assess, identify, and reduce their exposure to threats, including ransomware. cyber attack, significant power outage, or natural disaster) to help you identify key participants and stakeholders, address the significant risks, develop mitigation strategies, and identify the recovery time and effort. Also will have similar operations as other Ransomware families like Ryuk, DoppelPaymer. These measures also help prevent phishing emails from being delivered to your organization. Ransomware incidents can also cause you to incur financial loss, data breaches, and reputational damage to your organization. Your organization should also consider implementing password vaults for administrative accounts. Report the ransomware attack to local law enforcement. What further steps or actions would have been helpful in preventing the incident? Backups should be secured prior to any incident. Paying the ransom does not guarantee access to your encrypted data or systems. StopRansomware.gov is the U.S. Government's official one-stop location for resources to tackle ransomware more effectively. They will provide you with incident response expertise and a recovery strategy tailored to your organization. The impact of ransomware can be devastating to organizations. Your backups will not be connected to your networks or devices, which ensures ransomware cannot locate and delete your backups. This may include log files, backups, malware samples, memory images, etc. Threat actors see this action as additional assurance to receive payment from your organization. Before you pay, contact your local police department and report the cybercrime. Setup monitoring and logging functionality for your systems and networks and ensure you receive automated alerts if any anomalies are detected. A backup is a copy of your data and systems that can be restored in the event of an incident. Feel free to connect with us about topics and questions you would like to see covered. You should limit administrator accounts to those who need full or specialized access to your organizations network, systems, and devices. To decrease the risk of ransomware being spread through Office attachments, you should set your user defaults to disable macros and ensure users are not able to re-enable disabled macros. 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